1. Az eredeti állapot szerint a pénz önmagában értéket képviselő áru. 2. A pénzt zsetonokká alakítják, amire értékes áru nyújt fedezetet. Ugyanígy működtek később a papírnyugták, papírjegyek, számlák és biztosítékok. 3. Pénzt bocsátanak ki, ahol a névérték magasabb, mint a valódi érték, több nyugtát bocsátanak ki, mint amennyi aranyuk van a páncélszekrényben, több ígéretet tesznek, mint amennyi bankjegyük van, hogy fedezzék azokat. A rendszer működőképessége azon alapul, hogy az emberek bíznak a kibocsátó intézményben, illetve annak valószínűségében, hogy nem történik meg, hogy mindenki egyszerre kérje a fémbeli ellenértéket, követelje vissza a pénzét. 4. 1971-ben elvágják az utolsó szála
Kiemelt bejegyzések
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Legújabb bejegyzések
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